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Sardegna — physical cross-border flows, 2026

Every month of the year, every border, in energy and in money. Flows are measured; each megawatt-hour is valued at Sardegna's own day-ahead price for the quarter-hour it actually crossed in.

Month by month

All borders together, with consumption for scale.

Month Consumption, MWh Physical exports Physical imports Average price, €/MWh Difference € Import ÷ consumption
MWh€/MWh€ MWh€/MWh€
January 713,374 100,705 138.77 13,974,590 121,891 127.21 15,505,351 132.04 −1,530,761 17.1%
February 617,692 236,119 110.22 26,024,436 44,702 117.90 5,270,393 112.62 20,754,043 7.2%
March98.5% of hours 639,611 171,496 129.05 22,132,066 50,517 136.25 6,882,829 131.51 15,249,237 7.9%
April 580,170 182,817 114.51 20,934,574 82,621 122.61 10,130,242 117.02 10,804,332 14.2%
May 577,206 226,484 95.21 21,563,394 52,845 132.33 6,993,098 110.78 14,570,296 9.2%
June 677,532 254,460 109.28 27,807,467 42,769 138.92 5,941,680 125.66 21,865,787 6.3%
July 865,298 208,191 143.54 29,883,929 54,776 159.81 8,753,830 154.30 21,130,099 6.3%
August 897,168 188,092 168.25 31,646,462 65,384 185.97 12,159,627 178.59 19,486,835 7.3%
September94.6% of hours 614,096 217,364 197.41 42,910,106 50,354 198.82 10,011,220 201.50 32,898,886 8.2%
October59.9% of hours 350,575 193,403 196.22 37,950,411 21,208 199.12 4,223,073 203.13 33,727,338 6.0%
Total 6,532,721 1,979,132 138.86 274,827,435 587,067 146.27 85,871,343 145.96 188,956,092 9.0%

Consumption is measured separately, as the hourly average power summed over the month — not by adding up readings, since sources publish at different rates. The last column puts imports next to it for scale; it is not a dependency figure, because part of what enters passes straight through to another neighbour.

Where the difference comes from

188,956,092 € for 1,392,065 MWh that stayed in the country works out at 135.74 € per megawatt-hour, in a month that averaged 145.96.

  • Energy that stayed, at the month's average price −203,190,967 107.5%
  • What came in arrived above that average 180,860 -0.1%
  • What went out left below it 14,054,015 -7.4%

The first line is energy the country needed and got. The other two — 14,234,875 € together — come not from how much moved but from when: cheap hours to sell in, expensive hours to buy in. That is the price of a timing mismatch, not a loss.

Official validation

The measured physical flow, checked against ANRE's published commercial trade.

Month Physical net, MWh Commercial net, MWh Difference, MWh Status
January ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
February ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
March ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
April ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
May ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
June ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
July ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
August ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
September ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
October ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA

Gross volumes differ by design: the official indicators include transits, and a transit is counted once entering and once leaving, while a physical border sees it only once. Net figures converge, because transits cancel out — which is why the comparison is made on the net.

The percentage relates the difference to the month's commercial net. In a month with a small net, the same difference in MWh yields a larger percentage — which is why the difference is always shown in MWh as well.

ANRE publishes these exchanges as a physical balance in GWh. It publishes no import or export value and no average price per direction, so no money comparison is possible.

Physical cross-border flows and commercial electricity trades measure different phenomena. ANRE data is shown as an independent official benchmark and should not be interpreted as an exact reconciliation.

Border by border

Italy

Month by month, Sardegna's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 100,705 138.77 13,974,590 121,891 127.21 15,505,351 −1,530,761
February 236,119 110.22 26,024,436 44,702 117.90 5,270,393 20,754,043
March 171,496 129.05 22,132,066 50,517 136.25 6,882,829 15,249,237
April 182,817 114.51 20,934,574 82,621 122.61 10,130,242 10,804,332
May 226,484 95.21 21,563,394 52,845 132.33 6,993,098 14,570,296
June 254,460 109.28 27,807,467 42,769 138.92 5,941,680 21,865,787
July 208,191 143.54 29,883,929 54,776 159.81 8,753,830 21,130,099
August 188,092 168.25 31,646,462 65,384 185.97 12,159,627 19,486,835
September 217,364 197.41 42,910,106 50,354 198.82 10,011,220 32,898,886
October 193,403 196.22 37,950,411 21,208 199.12 4,223,073 33,727,338
Total 1,979,132 138.86 274,827,435 587,067 146.27 85,871,343 188,956,092

Method

Not an invoice. Cross-border electricity is not sold country to country: the markets are coupled and the physical flow is the outcome of a shared auction. These figures value the measured flow at this zone's own day-ahead price, so both directions can be compared on the same scale.

Flows are measured, quarter-hour by quarter-hour; hourly borders are spread across the four quarters they cover, so every megawatt-hour meets the price that was actually in force. Energy entering the country is not the same as energy consumed here — some of it passes through.

A country between two others carries energy that is neither produced nor consumed there. Energy entering is not energy used.