Estonia — physical cross-border flows, 2026

Every month of the year, every border, in energy and in money. Flows are measured; each megawatt-hour is valued at Estonia's own day-ahead price for the quarter-hour it actually crossed in.

Month by month

All borders together, with consumption for scale.

Month Consumption, MWh Physical exports Physical imports Zone price, €/MWh Difference € Import ÷ consumption
MWh€/MWh€ MWh€/MWh€
January 957,313 198,368 156.17 30,979,804 652,921 155.65 101,628,620 154.43 −70,648,816 68.2%
February 854,955 184,798 141.54 26,156,698 522,601 148.40 77,554,769 154.64 −51,398,071 61.1%
March 696,389 303,449 63.65 19,314,187 599,798 70.42 42,235,669 61.36 −22,921,482 86.1%
April 643,696 244,318 53.59 13,092,936 482,444 54.92 26,495,913 54.53 −13,402,977 74.9%
May 580,711 336,932 61.52 20,728,510 526,376 63.74 33,549,326 60.14 −12,820,817 90.6%
June 520,398 308,207 66.41 20,466,626 529,990 69.75 36,964,351 64.40 −16,497,724 101.8%
July 539,777 357,529 51.23 18,314,877 595,148 50.91 30,300,578 43.93 −11,985,701 110.3%
August 554,513 350,003 65.71 22,997,838 562,038 64.35 36,167,138 58.88 −13,169,300 101.4%
September34.0% of hours 195,488 116,313 65.82 7,656,235 186,184 66.00 12,287,629 59.54 −4,631,394 95.2%
Total 5,543,240 2,399,916 74.88 179,707,711 4,657,502 85.28 397,183,994 89.18 −217,476,283 84.0%

Consumption is measured separately, as the hourly average power summed over the month — not by adding up readings, since sources publish at different rates. The last column puts imports next to it for scale; it is not a dependency figure, because part of what enters passes straight through to another neighbour.

Where the difference comes from

217,476,283 € for 2,257,586 MWh that stayed in the country works out at 96.33 € per megawatt-hour, in a month that averaged 89.18.

  • Energy that stayed, at the month's average price 201,321,228 92.6%
  • What came in arrived above that average −18,150,769 -8.3%
  • What went out left below it 34,305,824 15.8%

The first line is energy the country needed and got. The other two — 16,155,055 € together — come not from how much moved but from when: cheap hours to sell in, expensive hours to buy in. That is the price of a timing mismatch, not a loss.

Official validation

The measured physical flow, checked against ANRE's published commercial trade.

Month Physical net, MWh Commercial net, MWh Difference, MWh Status
January ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
February ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
March ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
April ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
May ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
June ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
July ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
August ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
September ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA

Gross volumes differ by design: the official indicators include transits, and a transit is counted once entering and once leaving, while a physical border sees it only once. Net figures converge, because transits cancel out — which is why the comparison is made on the net.

The percentage relates the difference to the month's commercial net. In a month with a small net, the same difference in MWh yields a larger percentage — which is why the difference is always shown in MWh as well.

ANRE publishes these exchanges as a physical balance in GWh. It publishes no import or export value and no average price per direction, so no money comparison is possible.

Physical cross-border flows and commercial electricity trades measure different phenomena. ANRE data is shown as an independent official benchmark and should not be interpreted as an exact reconciliation.

Border by border

Finland

Month by month, Estonia's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 3,111 237.21 737,866 586,058 155.39 91,066,297 −90,328,430
February 2,503 332.77 833,056 479,788 144.55 69,354,904 −68,521,848
March 29,217 19.97 583,336 560,866 73.05 40,968,639 −40,385,303
April 91,973 48.39 4,450,896 343,731 57.53 19,774,367 −15,323,471
May 68,836 31.16 2,145,204 446,492 70.02 31,264,021 −29,118,817
June 45,963 41.07 1,887,854 465,617 72.93 33,955,840 −32,067,986
July 16,890 11.05 186,575 568,045 52.77 29,976,443 −29,789,868
August 9,698 8.26 80,085 551,704 65.34 36,047,716 −35,967,630
September 9,706 65.22 633,049 173,455 66.34 11,507,312 −10,874,263
Total 277,897 41.52 11,537,922 4,175,757 87.15 363,915,538 −352,377,615

Latvia

Month by month, Estonia's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 195,258 154.88 30,241,938 66,863 157.97 10,562,323 19,679,614
February 182,294 138.92 25,323,642 42,813 191.53 8,199,865 17,123,777
March 274,232 68.30 18,730,851 38,933 32.54 1,267,030 17,463,821
April 152,345 56.73 8,642,040 138,713 48.46 6,721,546 1,920,494
May 268,096 69.32 18,583,305 79,885 28.61 2,285,306 16,298,000
June 262,244 70.85 18,578,772 64,373 46.74 3,008,511 15,570,261
July 340,639 53.22 18,128,302 27,104 11.96 324,135 17,804,167
August 340,305 67.34 22,917,752 10,334 11.56 119,422 22,798,330
September 106,607 65.88 7,023,186 12,729 61.30 780,317 6,242,869
Total 2,122,019 79.25 168,169,788 481,746 69.06 33,268,456 134,901,333

Method

Not an invoice. Cross-border electricity is not sold country to country: the markets are coupled and the physical flow is the outcome of a shared auction. These figures value the measured flow at this zone's own day-ahead price, so both directions can be compared on the same scale.

Flows are measured, quarter-hour by quarter-hour; hourly borders are spread across the four quarters they cover, so every megawatt-hour meets the price that was actually in force. Energy entering the country is not the same as energy consumed here — some of it passes through.

A country between two others carries energy that is neither produced nor consumed there. Energy entering is not energy used.