Belgium — physical cross-border flows, 2026

Every month of the year, every border, in energy and in money. Flows are measured; each megawatt-hour is valued at Belgium's own day-ahead price for the quarter-hour it actually crossed in.

Month by month

All borders together, with consumption for scale.

Month Consumption, MWh Physical exports Physical imports Zone price, €/MWh Difference € Import ÷ consumption
MWh€/MWh MWh€/MWh
January 7,929,666 1,238,148 104.34 129,186,045 2,535,378 107.61 272,838,724 108.52 −143,652,678 32.0%
February 6,990,699 1,542,520 80.35 123,933,975 2,750,769 85.94 236,411,507 85.13 −112,477,532 39.3%
March 7,149,580 1,546,976 91.14 140,992,648 2,964,637 101.90 302,095,543 92.61 −161,102,895 41.5%
April 6,661,802 969,543 75.39 73,095,386 3,378,886 87.25 294,809,355 78.93 −221,713,969 50.7%
May 6,682,199 1,302,855 91.68 119,440,004 3,689,671 93.86 346,322,098 91.77 −226,882,094 55.2%
June 6,671,621 912,394 110.20 100,549,943 3,126,513 110.09 344,187,949 112.13 −243,638,006 46.9%
July 6,536,625 812,555 109.59 89,044,935 3,024,731 105.98 320,575,011 109.25 −231,530,076 46.3%
August 6,531,947 763,578 123.61 94,385,599 3,225,124 127.77 412,074,256 129.32 −317,688,657 49.4%
September32.6% of hours 2,130,375 156,952 163.61 25,679,535 1,057,104 148.28 156,747,814 151.69 −131,068,280 49.6%
Total 57,284,514 9,245,522 96.95 896,308,070 25,752,813 104.30 2,686,062,257 102.77 −1,789,754,187 45.0%

Consumption is measured separately, as the hourly average power summed over the month — not by adding up readings, since sources publish at different rates. The last column puts imports next to it for scale; it is not a dependency figure, because part of what enters passes straight through to another neighbour.

Where the difference comes from

1,789,754,187 € for 16,507,291 MWh that stayed in the country works out at 108.42 € per megawatt-hour, in a month that averaged 102.77.

  • Energy that stayed, at the month's average price 1,696,390,978 94.8%
  • What came in arrived above that average 39,544,425 2.2%
  • What went out left below it 53,818,783 3.0%

The first line is energy the country needed and got. The other two — 93,363,208 € together — come not from how much moved but from when: cheap hours to sell in, expensive hours to buy in. That is the price of a timing mismatch, not a loss.

Official validation

The measured physical flow, checked against ANRE's published commercial trade.

Month Physical net, MWh Commercial net, MWh Difference, MWh Status
January AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
February AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
March AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
April AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
May AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
June AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
July AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
August AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
September AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA

Gross volumes differ by design: the official indicators include transits, and a transit is counted once entering and once leaving, while a physical border sees it only once. Net figures converge, because transits cancel out — which is why the comparison is made on the net.

The percentage relates the difference to the month's commercial net. In a month with a small net, the same difference in MWh yields a larger percentage — which is why the difference is always shown in MWh as well.

ANRE publishes these exchanges as a physical balance in GWh. It publishes no import or export value and no average price per direction, so no money comparison is possible.

Physical cross-border flows and commercial electricity trades measure different phenomena. ANRE data is shown as an independent official benchmark and should not be interpreted as an exact reconciliation.

Border by border

France

Month by month, Belgium's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh Physical imports MWh €/MWh Difference €
January 337,145 86.75 29,246,060 536,592 116.95 62,755,575 −33,509,515
February 8,711 112.08 976,314 1,109,536 82.21 91,219,993 −90,243,680
March 26,767 17.96 480,753 1,557,384 106.90 166,486,089 −166,005,336
April 47,928 -7.41 −354,991 1,780,077 98.52 175,375,429 −175,730,420
May 15,935 -0.93 −14,810 2,245,108 100.35 225,307,653 −225,322,463
June 6,726 12.39 83,302 1,578,647 118.95 187,783,949 −187,700,647
July 33,643 53.45 1,798,280 1,560,271 111.34 173,717,331 −171,919,051
August 17,168 40.32 692,154 1,318,499 136.23 179,614,064 −178,921,909
September 25,687 149.47 3,839,260 287,152 148.10 42,525,937 −38,686,677
Total 519,708 70.71 36,746,322 11,973,265 108.97 1,304,786,020 −1,268,039,699

Netherlands

Month by month, Belgium's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh Physical imports MWh €/MWh Difference €
January 313 116.28 36,353 1,492,319 104.90 156,542,298 −156,505,944
February 1,109 4.74 5,253 1,430,692 86.40 123,609,258 −123,604,006
March 14,852 38.59 573,053 1,100,351 99.01 108,940,482 −108,367,429
April 26,351 107.72 2,838,415 1,211,511 78.25 94,798,756 −91,960,341
May 31,833 78.64 2,503,488 1,115,110 88.02 98,153,281 −95,649,793
June 23,090 190.33 4,394,752 1,002,557 93.31 93,550,286 −89,155,534
July 49,155 108.13 5,315,049 885,654 100.99 89,440,021 −84,124,972
August 4,330 174.72 756,582 1,318,558 122.28 161,232,821 −160,476,239
September 1,805 108.27 195,445 471,490 149.92 70,683,708 −70,488,263
Total 152,839 108.73 16,618,390 10,028,241 99.41 996,950,912 −980,332,521

Germany

Month by month, Belgium's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh Physical imports MWh €/MWh Difference €
January 567,958 115.36 65,522,342 356,230 99.97 35,610,758 29,911,584
February 1,122,274 82.64 92,744,042 84,147 95.66 8,049,822 84,694,220
March 942,791 97.73 92,139,472 206,818 73.33 15,165,110 76,974,362
April 441,688 95.72 42,280,085 224,577 33.29 7,475,641 34,804,444
May 689,486 109.38 75,412,962 255,496 45.65 11,663,464 63,749,497
June 524,458 127.57 66,902,966 355,579 84.88 30,180,551 36,722,415
July 367,684 129.45 47,594,930 441,915 90.20 39,862,115 7,732,815
August 380,480 145.23 55,256,944 505,292 115.71 58,465,616 −3,208,672
September 48,890 204.38 9,992,262 228,345 142.95 32,641,488 −22,649,225
Total 5,085,708 107.72 547,846,005 2,658,399 89.95 239,114,565 308,731,440

United Kingdom

Month by month, Belgium's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh Physical imports MWh €/MWh Difference €
January 247,449 101.35 25,080,076 147,660 119.60 17,659,623 7,420,453
February 322,058 70.88 22,827,673 123,467 107.70 13,297,208 9,530,466
March 447,785 83.67 37,466,696 99,584 114.91 11,443,642 26,023,054
April 370,536 57.13 21,166,950 157,863 107.03 16,895,461 4,271,489
May 476,030 68.95 32,823,398 73,856 151.53 11,191,278 21,632,120
June 273,443 71.75 19,620,571 186,851 173.22 32,367,114 −12,746,543
July 282,350 88.36 24,947,332 130,132 131.37 17,095,851 7,851,481
August 310,484 98.93 30,715,756 71,406 160.13 11,434,552 19,281,204
September 60,961 141.13 8,603,784 65,105 155.29 10,110,334 −1,506,550
Total 2,791,096 79.99 223,252,236 1,055,924 134.00 141,495,063 81,757,173

Luxembourg

Month by month, Belgium's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh Physical imports MWh €/MWh Difference €
January 85,284 109.06 9,301,214 2,577 104.94 270,469 9,030,745
February 88,368 83.52 7,380,693 2,927 80.37 235,226 7,145,467
March 114,782 90.02 10,332,674 500 120.38 60,220 10,272,455
April 83,041 86.28 7,164,928 4,858 54.35 264,069 6,900,859
May 89,571 97.30 8,714,967 102 63.23 6,422 8,708,545
June 84,678 112.76 9,548,351 2,879 106.29 306,048 9,242,303
July 79,723 117.77 9,389,345 6,760 68.00 459,694 8,929,651
August 51,116 136.24 6,964,162 11,368 116.75 1,327,202 5,636,959
September 19,608 155.48 3,048,783 5,012 156.88 786,347 2,262,436
Total 696,171 103.20 71,845,117 36,984 100.47 3,715,697 68,129,419

Method

Not an invoice. Cross-border electricity is not sold country to country: the markets are coupled and the physical flow is the outcome of a shared auction. These figures value the measured flow at this zone's own day-ahead price, so both directions can be compared on the same scale.

Flows are measured, quarter-hour by quarter-hour; hourly borders are spread across the four quarters they cover, so every megawatt-hour meets the price that was actually in force. Energy entering the country is not the same as energy consumed here — some of it passes through.

A country between two others carries energy that is neither produced nor consumed there. Energy entering is not energy used.