Hungary — physical cross-border flows, 2026

Every month of the year, every border, in energy and in money. Flows are measured; each megawatt-hour is valued at Hungary's own day-ahead price for the quarter-hour it actually crossed in.

Month by month

All borders together, with consumption for scale.

Month Consumption, MWh Physical exports Physical imports Zone price, €/MWh Difference € Import ÷ consumption
MWh€/MWh€ MWh€/MWh€
January 4,694,607 627,670 141.56 88,852,832 2,191,355 154.73 339,070,377 150.41 −250,217,545 46.7%
February 3,876,678 498,568 110.75 55,218,881 1,706,166 118.64 202,419,977 113.29 −147,201,097 44.0%
March 3,750,668 753,251 88.94 66,996,738 1,591,469 135.06 214,945,144 117.40 −147,948,407 42.4%
April 3,220,652 1,281,827 64.07 82,133,045 1,699,462 112.61 191,369,511 96.55 −109,236,467 52.8%
May 3,117,766 971,747 57.39 55,768,275 1,562,383 120.36 188,049,462 106.51 −132,281,187 50.1%
June 3,355,612 1,027,059 87.56 89,927,520 1,447,314 137.36 198,803,365 124.67 −108,875,845 43.1%
July 3,416,339 1,238,060 99.32 122,959,110 1,909,292 134.78 257,329,610 122.35 −134,370,501 55.9%
August 3,406,644 867,377 124.71 108,170,030 1,982,250 166.48 330,009,844 152.17 −221,839,814 58.2%
September26.1% of hours 870,434 354,875 144.46 51,265,237 492,616 185.76 91,509,534 173.05 −40,244,297 56.6%
Total 29,709,401 7,620,435 94.65 721,291,667 14,582,306 138.08 2,013,506,826 125.68 −1,292,215,159 49.1%

Consumption is measured separately, as the hourly average power summed over the month — not by adding up readings, since sources publish at different rates. The last column puts imports next to it for scale; it is not a dependency figure, because part of what enters passes straight through to another neighbour.

Where the difference comes from

1,292,215,159 € for 6,961,871 MWh that stayed in the country works out at 185.61 € per megawatt-hour, in a month that averaged 125.68.

  • Energy that stayed, at the month's average price 874,998,107 67.7%
  • What came in arrived above that average 180,739,468 14.0%
  • What went out left below it 236,477,584 18.3%

The first line is energy the country needed and got. The other two — 417,217,052 € together — come not from how much moved but from when: cheap hours to sell in, expensive hours to buy in. That is the price of a timing mismatch, not a loss.

Official validation

The measured physical flow, checked against ANRE's published commercial trade.

Month Physical net, MWh Commercial net, MWh Difference, MWh Status
January ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
February ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
March ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
April ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
May ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
June ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
July ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
August ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
September ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA

Gross volumes differ by design: the official indicators include transits, and a transit is counted once entering and once leaving, while a physical border sees it only once. Net figures converge, because transits cancel out — which is why the comparison is made on the net.

ANRE publishes these exchanges as a physical balance in GWh. It publishes no import or export value and no average price per direction, so no money comparison is possible.

Physical cross-border flows and commercial electricity trades measure different phenomena. ANRE data is shown as an independent official benchmark and should not be interpreted as an exact reconciliation.

Border by border

Slovakia

Month by month, Hungary's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 0 — 0 1,487,912 149.17 221,954,969 −221,954,969
February 13,149 107.96 1,419,564 921,743 115.40 106,368,588 −104,949,024
March 13,158 27.40 360,553 999,123 132.84 132,723,644 −132,363,092
April 50,707 28.43 1,441,649 1,163,145 113.06 131,503,139 −130,061,490
May 71,028 49.55 3,519,257 995,734 122.45 121,928,007 −118,408,750
June 24,476 63.84 1,562,445 925,082 139.03 128,616,775 −127,054,329
July 1,847 56.17 103,731 1,243,804 136.98 170,381,005 −170,277,274
August 13,189 99.67 1,314,573 1,177,889 168.80 198,830,539 −197,515,966
September 3,734 72.33 270,042 324,155 191.29 62,007,570 −61,737,528
Total 191,289 52.23 9,991,814 9,238,588 137.93 1,274,314,237 −1,264,322,423

Austria

Month by month, Hungary's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 13,768 98.38 1,354,432 426,869 164.98 70,425,917 −69,071,485
February 22,186 86.49 1,918,829 339,679 122.39 41,573,910 −39,655,081
March 130,252 70.20 9,143,170 276,201 135.68 37,474,239 −28,331,069
April 59,930 56.93 3,411,793 372,154 107.00 39,820,562 −36,408,769
May 47,581 75.82 3,607,638 311,638 109.74 34,198,625 −30,590,987
June 98,337 100.94 9,926,015 318,997 119.14 38,005,865 −28,079,850
July 76,809 110.20 8,464,461 363,360 123.63 44,920,927 −36,456,466
August 97,481 130.16 12,687,934 345,077 165.71 57,182,221 −44,494,286
September 31,208 95.90 2,992,969 71,243 193.14 13,759,828 −10,766,859
Total 577,552 92.64 53,507,241 2,825,217 133.57 377,362,094 −323,854,853

Croatia

Month by month, Hungary's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 132,810 109.23 14,506,355 64,468 185.30 11,945,651 2,560,704
February 25,713 72.10 1,853,865 155,870 123.97 19,323,726 −17,469,861
March 180,458 76.97 13,890,038 46,801 188.55 8,824,391 5,065,647
April 446,316 61.72 27,548,042 9,243 204.51 1,890,264 25,657,778
May 327,591 54.74 17,932,746 21,896 184.70 4,044,298 13,888,449
June 399,991 81.15 32,461,147 6,095 315.30 1,921,578 30,539,569
July 565,064 97.75 55,235,244 1,490 206.44 307,590 54,927,654
August 362,265 123.97 44,909,214 17,997 213.04 3,834,019 41,075,194
September 153,028 149.96 22,947,485 0 — 0 22,947,485
Total 2,593,236 89.19 231,284,135 323,858 160.85 52,091,516 179,192,618

Romania

Month by month, Hungary's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 271,525 163.04 44,270,773 2,756 106.23 292,727 43,978,046
February 206,285 120.63 24,884,477 2,253 90.60 204,116 24,680,361
March 95,271 126.01 12,004,797 51,086 78.68 4,019,618 7,985,179
April 190,053 83.87 15,939,221 45,427 76.55 3,477,201 12,462,020
May 137,544 72.95 10,033,530 58,782 86.12 5,062,476 4,971,054
June 183,186 120.51 22,075,044 38,615 87.74 3,388,069 18,686,975
July 169,841 116.89 19,852,894 45,190 115.27 5,209,055 14,643,839
August 105,920 157.78 16,711,582 106,485 129.91 13,833,481 2,878,101
September 62,640 176.95 11,084,018 18,888 107.98 2,039,443 9,044,575
Total 1,422,266 124.35 176,856,336 369,481 101.56 37,526,186 139,330,150

Ukraine

Month by month, Hungary's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 104,695 171.92 17,999,185 39,296 115.63 4,543,769 13,455,416
February 168,969 116.48 19,681,601 3,780 93.25 352,541 19,329,060
March 129,269 113.36 14,653,348 42,815 122.62 5,249,991 9,403,356
April 233,861 67.55 15,798,444 52,696 95.79 5,047,887 10,750,557
May 131,240 47.28 6,204,382 79,613 108.76 8,658,789 −2,454,408
June 42,946 57.13 2,453,487 106,013 144.33 15,300,727 −12,847,240
July 36,172 65.76 2,378,495 220,484 137.90 30,405,781 −28,027,286
August 10,541 60.01 632,535 273,294 161.48 44,132,781 −43,500,246
September 1,280 13.46 17,228 76,310 172.99 13,200,539 −13,183,311
Total 858,972 92.92 79,818,705 894,302 141.89 126,892,805 −47,074,100

Slovenia

Month by month, Hungary's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 86,563 102.97 8,913,375 43,012 227.99 9,806,178 −892,803
February 60,549 90.18 5,460,226 37,109 146.84 5,449,058 11,168
March 182,660 86.75 15,845,809 11,083 194.18 2,152,178 13,693,631
April 173,091 75.48 13,065,291 11,868 187.06 2,219,996 10,845,295
May 164,333 80.32 13,199,884 24,763 121.48 3,008,322 10,191,562
June 173,936 91.28 15,877,013 9,229 202.54 1,869,263 14,007,750
July 275,558 107.69 29,675,145 2,138 214.20 457,854 29,217,290
August 162,110 124.93 20,253,077 14,749 238.37 3,515,719 16,737,358
September 67,510 137.97 9,314,174 100 234.92 23,474 9,290,700
Total 1,346,311 97.75 131,603,994 154,051 185.02 28,502,042 103,101,951

Serbia

Month by month, Hungary's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 18,309 98.79 1,808,713 127,043 158.22 20,101,167 −18,292,454
February 1,716 0.19 318 245,732 118.62 29,148,038 −29,147,720
March 22,183 49.54 1,099,024 164,360 149.07 24,501,083 −23,402,059
April 127,868 38.54 4,928,605 44,930 164.93 7,410,463 −2,481,857
May 92,430 13.75 1,270,838 69,957 159.37 11,148,946 −9,878,107
June 104,188 53.48 5,572,370 43,284 224.13 9,701,088 −4,128,719
July 112,769 64.28 7,249,140 32,826 172.04 5,647,398 1,601,742
August 115,871 100.64 11,661,115 46,759 185.66 8,681,084 2,980,030
September 35,474 130.78 4,639,320 1,920 249.34 478,680 4,160,640
Total 630,809 60.60 38,229,443 776,810 150.38 116,817,946 −78,588,503

Method

Not an invoice. Cross-border electricity is not sold country to country: the markets are coupled and the physical flow is the outcome of a shared auction. These figures value the measured flow at this zone's own day-ahead price, so both directions can be compared on the same scale.

Flows are measured, quarter-hour by quarter-hour; hourly borders are spread across the four quarters they cover, so every megawatt-hour meets the price that was actually in force. Energy entering the country is not the same as energy consumed here — some of it passes through.

A country between two others carries energy that is neither produced nor consumed there. Energy entering is not energy used.