Finland — physical cross-border flows, 2026

Every month of the year, every border, in energy and in money. Flows are measured; each megawatt-hour is valued at Finland's own day-ahead price for the quarter-hour it actually crossed in.

Month by month

All borders together, with consumption for scale.

Month Consumption, MWh Physical exports Physical imports Zone price, €/MWh Difference € Import ÷ consumption
MWh€/MWh€ MWh€/MWh€
January 9,587,230 638,108 106.02 67,654,008 1,779,933 123.27 219,403,769 117.27 −151,749,760 18.6%
February 8,757,785 526,206 117.05 61,591,723 1,719,660 144.37 248,275,310 137.19 −186,683,588 19.6%
March 8,214,490 850,156 22.24 18,904,768 995,064 40.16 39,957,365 27.81 −21,052,597 12.1%
April 7,121,719 460,681 37.08 17,083,400 1,268,013 50.68 64,262,872 49.49 −47,179,472 17.8%
May 6,508,760 687,058 50.00 34,351,927 1,027,940 62.73 64,481,132 52.88 −30,129,206 15.8%
June 5,965,545 766,994 34.71 26,624,173 821,591 58.31 47,907,872 45.32 −21,283,699 13.8%
July 6,223,002 832,388 13.42 11,173,736 1,165,609 17.02 19,837,033 15.40 −8,663,296 18.7%
August 6,447,117 865,410 36.41 31,512,177 1,105,761 51.57 57,021,448 41.26 −25,509,272 17.2%
September33.8% of hours 2,062,731 208,746 45.27 9,448,950 464,006 60.87 28,242,122 47.11 −18,793,172 22.5%
Total 60,888,379 5,835,748 47.70 278,344,862 10,347,578 76.29 789,388,924 65.37 −511,044,062 17.0%

Consumption is measured separately, as the hourly average power summed over the month — not by adding up readings, since sources publish at different rates. The last column puts imports next to it for scale; it is not a dependency figure, because part of what enters passes straight through to another neighbour.

Where the difference comes from

511,044,062 € for 4,511,830 MWh that stayed in the country works out at 113.27 € per megawatt-hour, in a month that averaged 65.37.

  • Energy that stayed, at the month's average price 294,933,959 57.7%
  • What came in arrived above that average 112,977,801 22.1%
  • What went out left below it 103,132,302 20.2%

The first line is energy the country needed and got. The other two — 216,110,103 € together — come not from how much moved but from when: cheap hours to sell in, expensive hours to buy in. That is the price of a timing mismatch, not a loss.

Official validation

The measured physical flow, checked against ANRE's published commercial trade.

Month Physical net, MWh Commercial net, MWh Difference, MWh Status
January ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
February ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
March ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
April ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
May ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
June ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
July ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
August ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA
September ——— AWAITING OFFICIAL ANRE DATA

Gross volumes differ by design: the official indicators include transits, and a transit is counted once entering and once leaving, while a physical border sees it only once. Net figures converge, because transits cancel out — which is why the comparison is made on the net.

The percentage relates the difference to the month's commercial net. In a month with a small net, the same difference in MWh yields a larger percentage — which is why the difference is always shown in MWh as well.

ANRE publishes these exchanges as a physical balance in GWh. It publishes no import or export value and no average price per direction, so no money comparison is possible.

Physical cross-border flows and commercial electricity trades measure different phenomena. ANRE data is shown as an independent official benchmark and should not be interpreted as an exact reconciliation.

Border by border

Sweden

Month by month, Finland's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 49,773 82.75 4,118,666 1,754,583 123.20 216,164,174 −212,045,508
February 43,766 72.23 3,161,170 1,691,121 143.94 243,419,924 −240,258,754
March 276,001 11.00 3,036,108 952,078 40.81 38,851,322 −35,815,214
April 108,993 14.45 1,574,447 1,158,089 50.27 58,220,211 −56,645,764
May 239,019 35.97 8,596,667 932,234 64.90 60,498,565 −51,901,898
June 300,229 18.30 5,493,778 745,117 59.79 44,548,079 −39,054,301
July 264,330 7.22 1,907,910 1,112,023 17.11 19,022,680 −17,114,771
August 313,456 24.24 7,598,002 1,057,352 52.12 55,113,539 −47,515,537
September 39,372 19.10 751,842 442,013 61.12 27,014,422 −26,262,579
Total 1,634,938 22.17 36,238,588 9,844,610 77.49 762,852,914 −726,614,326

Estonia

Month by month, Finland's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 586,058 108.02 63,307,111 3,111 237.02 737,275 62,569,835
February 479,788 121.39 58,240,988 2,503 332.51 832,396 57,408,593
March 560,866 27.63 15,498,706 29,217 22.51 657,567 14,841,139
April 343,731 44.06 15,145,714 91,973 55.16 5,073,662 10,072,051
May 446,492 57.65 25,740,197 68,836 32.66 2,248,381 23,491,816
June 465,617 45.37 21,125,920 45,963 41.41 1,903,099 19,222,821
July 568,045 16.31 9,265,791 16,890 10.45 176,482 9,089,309
August 551,704 43.34 23,913,298 9,698 8.27 80,173 23,833,125
September 169,374 51.35 8,697,106 9,706 65.21 632,965 8,064,140
Total 4,171,676 57.75 240,934,831 277,897 44.41 12,342,001 228,592,830

Norway

Month by month, Finland's side of this border.

Month Physical exports MWh €/MWh € Physical imports MWh €/MWh € Difference €
January 2,276 100.26 228,232 22,240 112.52 2,502,320 −2,274,088
February 2,652 71.49 189,565 26,035 154.52 4,022,991 −3,833,426
March 13,290 27.84 369,953 13,769 32.57 448,475 −78,522
April 7,957 45.65 363,240 17,951 53.98 968,999 −605,759
May 1,547 9.73 15,063 26,870 64.54 1,734,187 −1,719,124
June 1,149 3.90 4,476 30,511 47.74 1,456,694 −1,452,219
July 13 2.71 35 36,697 17.38 637,870 −637,835
August 250 3.51 877 38,711 47.22 1,827,737 −1,826,860
September 0 35.15 2 12,287 48.40 594,736 −594,733
Total 29,134 40.21 1,171,444 225,071 63.06 14,194,009 −13,022,565

Method

Not an invoice. Cross-border electricity is not sold country to country: the markets are coupled and the physical flow is the outcome of a shared auction. These figures value the measured flow at this zone's own day-ahead price, so both directions can be compared on the same scale.

Flows are measured, quarter-hour by quarter-hour; hourly borders are spread across the four quarters they cover, so every megawatt-hour meets the price that was actually in force. Energy entering the country is not the same as energy consumed here — some of it passes through.

A country between two others carries energy that is neither produced nor consumed there. Energy entering is not energy used.